Currently in Hong Kong, health-related and medical data are usually created and kept by different healthcare providers (or sometimes by individual patients) at different locations in different formats, e.g. at doctors’ clinics and separately at hospitals. With the major exception of the Hospital Authority (HA), such data are usually kept in paper form by most healthcare providers. While some healthcare providers may deploy electronic medical/patient record systems to store and retrieve medical/patient data, such systems are generally not capable of data sharing at any large scale if at all.